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Welding

Welding positions

In short

ISO 6947 (PA…PJ, H-L045) and their AWS equivalents (1G…6GR).

Equivalents

ISO 6947AWSPosition
PA1G / 1FFlat
PB2FHorizontal-vertical fillet
PC2GHorizontal
PD4FOverhead fillet
PE4GOverhead
PF3G / 3F ↑Vertical up
PG3G / 3F ↓Vertical down
PH5G ↑Fixed horizontal pipe, upward
PJ5G ↓Fixed horizontal pipe, downward
H-L0456G ↑Fixed pipe at 45°, upward
J-L0456G ↓Fixed pipe at 45°, downward
—6GR6G with restriction ring

Rolled pipe welded from above: PA (1G). Vertical pipe, girth weld: PC (2G). In shops, PF and PG are often written for pipe instead of PH and PJ.

Sketches

  • PAFlat · 1G

    Torch above, the pool holds by itself.

  • PBHorizontal fillet · 2F

    Torch on the bisector, between both plates.

  • PCHorizontal · 2G

    Horizontal joint on a vertical wall.

  • PDOverhead fillet · 4F
  • PEOverhead · 4G

    Torch from below.

  • PFVertical up · 3G ↑
  • PGVertical down · 3G ↓
  • PHFixed pipe, upward · 5G

    From 6 to 12 o’clock, on each side.

  • PJFixed pipe, downward · 5G

    From 12 to 6 o’clock.

  • H-L045Pipe at 45° · 6G
  • 6GR6G with restriction ring

    The ring limits access and sight.

Sources

  • ISO 6947:2019 : positions de soudage : Titre et domaine (link)
  • SpawBaza : positions ISO 6947 et AWS : Table des codes, PH/PJ, H-L045/J-L045 (link)
  • Steel Tube Institute : positions AWS D1.1 : 6G et 6GR (anneau de restriction) (link)
  • Open Exam Prep : positions d’essai ASME IX QW-461 : 1G tourné, 2G, 5G, 6G (link)

Updated · Publisher: The Level Code

Tools · Welding

Heat inputHeat input in kJ/mm (EN 1011-1) from current, voltage and travel speed.Carbon equivalent and preheatCE (IIW), CET and indicative preheat temperature (EN 1011-2, method B) with validity range check.Shielding gasRecommended gas (ISO 14175 class) and flow in L/min by process, material and wire diameter.Back purgeVolume to purge between dams, pre-purge time and gas use to shield the root side.Welding settingsCurrent, voltage, wire or electrode, gas and polarity by process, material, thickness and position; dimensioned joint preparation and passes.Weld shrinkageIndicative transverse and longitudinal shrinkage of a butt joint, with pre-setting advice.Filler metal weightJoint section (V, X, fillet), deposited weight and filler weight to order by process.Weld defect diagnosisTick what you see at the arc, in the pool and on the bead: ranked likely causes and remedies (TWI).ISO 5817 criteriaPermitted limit of an imperfection by quality level B, C or D, and verdict on the measurement (ISO 5817:2023).Weld pass layoutGroove area, number of layers and passes, numbered welding sequence sketch.Dissimilar metal weldingFiller metal to join two different metals (steel, stainless, duplex, nickel, aluminium) and precautions.