Machining
Cutting speed and feed
In short
N, Vf, power and removal rate for turning, milling and drilling, with catalogue starting values. Example with the default values: Spindle speed N = 2016 rpm.
Calculation
Example calculated with the tool’s default values.
Inputs
- Operation
- Turning
- Calculation
- Vc and feed → N and Vf
- Material
- P · Non-alloy steel C 0.25–0.55 %, annealed (C45)
- Tool material
- Carbide
- Workpiece Ø
- 50 mm
- Depth of cut ap
- 2 mm
- Machine efficiency
- 0.8
Results
- Spindle speed N
- 2016 rpm
- Feed rate Vf
- 403 mm/min
- Cutting speed Vc
- 317 m/minStart: Walter WPP20G (P2), A 19
- Feed per rev f
- 0.200 mm/rev
Worked example
Every value in this section belongs to the example, calculated with the tool’s default values.
Other results of the example
- Average chip thickness hm
- 0.199 mm
- Specific cutting force kc
- 2545 MPakc1.1 = 1700 N/mm², mc = 0.25 (Walter P2)
- Cutting power Pc
- 5.37 kW
- Required motor power
- 6.71 kW
- Spindle torque
- 25.4 N·m
- Metal removal rate Q
- 126.7 cm³/min
- Indicative values: confirm on the machine and with the tool documentation.
Step-by-step calculation
Starting cutting speed
Vc = Walter WPP20G (P2), A 19, interpolated on f
317 m/min
Spindle speed
N = 1000 · Vc / (π · D)
1000 × 317 / (π × 50.0) = 2016 rpm
Feed rate
Vf = f · N
0.200 × 2016 = 403 mm/min
Specific cutting force
kc = kc1.1 · hm^(−mc), hm = f · sin κr
1700 × 0.199^(−0.25) = 2545 N/mm²
Cutting power
Pc = ap · f · Vc · kc / 60 000
2.00 × 0.200 × 317 × 2545 / 60 000 = 5.37 kW
Metal removal rate
Q = Vc · ap · f
126.7 cm³/min
Starting values: Non-alloy steel C 0.25–0.55 %, annealed (C45)
| Operation | Vc (m/min) | Feed | Tool, page |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turning, carbide | 350–190 | f 0.10–0.60 | Walter WPP20G (P2), A 19 |
| Turning, HSS | 18.3–24.4 | — | TC 9-524, table 7-2 (moyen carbone) |
| Milling, carbide | 144 | n° 8 | Sutton E603/E307, p. 436 |
| Milling, HSS | 70 | n° 6 | Sutton E118, p. 448 |
| Drilling, carbide | 130 | n° 8 | Sutton D329, p. 426 |
| Drilling, HSS | 20 | n° 5 | Sutton D186/D100, p. 428 |
N for Vc = 317 m/min
| Ø (mm) | N (rpm) |
|---|---|
| 10 | 10,080 |
| 20 | 5040 |
| 30 | 3360 |
| 40 | 2520 |
| 50 | 2016 |
| 60 | 1680 |
| 80 | 1260 |
| 100 | 1008 |
| 150 | 672 |
| 200 | 504 |
Limits
Indicative results: they replace neither the applicable standards nor the job drawings and instructions. Check the values entered and the result before doing the work.
Sources
- Walter AG, Technical Compendium Turning 2024 : A 18–A 21, vc de départ des plaquettes (WPP20G, WSM20S, WNN10, WSM01) (link)
- Walter AG, Technical Compendium General 2024 : F 9, kc1.1 et mc des groupes d’usinage (link)
- TC 9-524, Fundamentals of Machine Tools (US Army) : Annexe A, table 7-2 : tournage à l’outil ARS, m/min (link)
- Sutton Tools, Application Guide (VDI 3323): p. 426, 428 (forets), 431 (avances f), 436 (fraises carbure, avances fz), 448 (fraises ARS) (link)
- Sandvik Coromant, Machining formulas and definitions : Tournage, fraisage, perçage : n, vf, hm, kc, Pc, Q (link)